Imposter Syndrome is the persistent inability to believe that your success is deserved or legitimately achieved as a result of your own efforts. It is incredibly common, especially among high-achievers.

Many driven professionals might balk at the word "anxiety," dismissing their relentless drive as simply having high standards. But often, beneath that perfectionism lies a profound fear of being "found out."

However, Imposter Syndrome is not a one-size-fits-all experience. According to the foundational research of Dr. Valerie Young, an expert on the subject, this psychological phenomenon actually manifests in five distinct subtypes.

Instead of reading generic advice on "how to beat self-doubt," the most effective way to start feeling secure in your accomplishments is to diagnose exactly how you are undermining yourself.

Here is a breakdown of Dr. Young’s five types of Imposter Syndrome. Which one sounds like you?

The 5 Faces of Imposter Syndrome

1.

The Perfectionist

For the Perfectionist, success is rarely satisfying because it could always be better. You set impossibly high goals for yourself, and if you meet 99% of them, you consider the entire endeavor a failure. You focus intensely on the one minor flaw rather than the overwhelming success of the whole.

  • The Trap: You often struggle to delegate because you believe "if you want something done right, you have to do it yourself." You are prone to severe burnout because you rarely pause to celebrate your wins before moving the goalpost further away.

  • The Reality Check: Competence does not equal flawlessness. Mistakes are data points for growth, not proof of your inadequacy.

2.

The Superwoman / Superman

This type measures their worth by how many plates they can spin at once. You feel pressured to excel in absolutely every role in your life simultaneously: the top-tier employee, the perfect parent, the devoted friend, and the marathon runner. If you drop a single plate, you feel like a total fraud.

  • The Trap: You are addicted to the validation that comes from working harder than everyone else. You often stay late at work or volunteer for extra tasks, not because the work is necessary, but because you are trying to outrun your internal feelings of inadequacy.

  • The Reality Check: True confidence means recognizing that your worth isn't determined by your capacity to endure stress.

3.

The Natural Genius

The Natural Genius judges their competence based on ease and speed. If you have to struggle to learn something new, or if you don't master a skill on the first try, you automatically assume you aren't actually smart. You likely grew up being told you were "the smart one" and internalized the belief that success should always come naturally.

  • The Trap: You actively avoid taking on new, complex challenges because the learning curve makes you feel deeply uncomfortable and incompetent. You are terrified of looking like a beginner.

  • The Reality Check: Effort is not a symptom of stupidity. Even the most brilliant minds have to painstakingly practice to acquire new skills.

4.

The Soloist

For the Soloist, the process of achieving the goal is just as important as the goal itself and that process must be completed entirely alone. You believe that asking for help, hiring a tutor, or leaning on a mentor is an admission of weakness.

  • The Trap: You will waste hours, or weeks, struggling in silence rather than asking a colleague a simple clarifying question. You believe that if you didn't do it 100% on your own, your success doesn't "count."

  • The Reality Check: Collaboration is a core component of high-level success. Knowing when to leverage the expertise of others is the mark of a strong leader, not a weak individual.

5.

The Expert

The Expert feels like a fraud if they don't know every single piece of information about a topic. You might hesitate to apply for a job unless you meet 150% of the criteria, or you might stay quiet in meetings because you fear someone will ask a question you don't instantly know the answer to.

  • The Trap: You are trapped in a cycle of perpetual preparation. You constantly seek out "just one more" certification, degree, or training before you feel ready to start.

  • The Reality Check: You do not need to be a walking encyclopedia to be highly competent. True expertise includes the confidence to say, "I don't know the answer to that, but I know exactly how to find out."

Untangling the Imposter Trap

Identifying your specific brand of Imposter Syndrome is a powerful first step. It allows you to catch yourself in the act. The next time you refuse to ask for help, you can pause and say, "That's just my inner Soloist acting up."

However, these beliefs are often deeply rooted in our early life experiences, family dynamics, and societal conditioning. Untangling them on your own can be difficult.

If you are ready to stop letting self-doubt run your career and your life, therapy is an incredibly effective tool for rewriting these internal scripts. Our telehealth mental health practice specializes in helping high-achievers transition from chronic self-doubt to grounded, sustainable confidence. Because it is fully remote, you can schedule sessions that fit into your busy life, no commute required.

References

  • Clance, P. R., & Imes, S. A. (1978). The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: Dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 15(3), 241–247. (The foundational paper that first coined the term "imposter phenomenon").

  • Young, V. (2011). The Secret Thoughts of Successful Women: Why Capable People Suffer from the Impostor Syndrome and How to Thrive in Spite of It. Crown Business. (The core text outlining the five subgroups of Imposter Syndrome used in this framework).

  • Bravata, D. M., Watts, S. A., Keefer, A. L., Madhusudhan, D. K., Taylor, K. T., Clark, D. M., ... & Hagg, H. K. (2020). Prevalence, predictors, and treatment of impostor syndrome: a systematic review. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35(4), 1252-1275. (A comprehensive modern review on how imposter syndrome impacts professionals across different industries).

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Clinically Reviewed By:

Dr. Akash Kumar, MD